During re-entry the Shuttle experiences temperatures as high as 1500 oC, hot enough to melt the orbiter's metal construction.
 
So, NASA designed a protective shell to dissipate the heat. Unfortunately, it wasn't that durable.
Space Shuttle Human Time Bomb?
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Co-Director Duncan Bulling  
 
Head of Production  Kirstie McLure    Executive Producer   Stuart Carter    Producer and Director Alex Hearle
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